During flight, you can request weather information from the controller you are in contact with. The controller will provide a METAR (actual conditions) or SPECI (special weather report if significant changes have occurred) for any aerodrome.

The request is straightforward:

"Vienna Information, OE-GXP, request weather Salzburg."

The controller will provide the most recent report:

"OE-GXP, Salzburg meteorological information: Wind one-eight-zero degrees, eight knots. Visibility eight kilometers. Few clouds at two thousand feet. Temperature plus sixteen. QNH one zero zero six."

Write it down (or memorize if brief), read back the important parts if needed, and plan accordingly.