When the controller is ready for you to position on the runway but the runway is not yet clear for immediate takeoff (due to other traffic, weather, or operational reasons), you will receive the instruction to "line up and wait". This clearance gives you permission to:
Position your aircraft for takeoff at the runway start
Align with the runway heading
Stop and wait
Critical: A line-up clearance is NOT a takeoff clearance. You must be ready to stop on the runway if necessary. You may proceed with pre-takeoff items (flaps, trim), but engines remain at idle or taxi power until you receive takeoff clearance.
When you receive a line-up instruction, you must read it back. Include the runway number and—if given—any additional instructions such as wind, QNH, or traffic information.