Subchapter 9.3 – Minimum Fuel Declarations

Key distinction: Minimum Fuel vs. Emergency Fuel

Minimum Fuel (PAN-PAN): You can reach your destination with legal reserves, but you have no margin. You are safe but urgent.
Emergency Fuel (MAYDAY): Your remaining fuel is insufficient to reach any suitable aerodrome, even with emergency descent and best economy procedures. You face forced landing.

If your fuel situation deteriorates from "minimum fuel" to "emergency fuel," inform ATC immediately: "Zurich Approach, HB-CDA, fuel emergency, request immediate landing Zurich or nearest aerodrome."