Altitudes
Learn how altitudes are written and spoken in aviation: QNH vs QFE, MSL vs AGL, flight levels (FL), and the units pilots and controllers use (feet, hPa, inHg) with clear ATC-style examples.
This wiki serves as your comprehensive reference for aviational topics and radiotelephony. It covers a wide range of subjects, including ICAO phraseology, ATC procedures, and more.
Learn how altitudes are written and spoken in aviation: QNH vs QFE, MSL vs AGL, flight levels (FL), and the units pilots and controllers use (feet, hPa, inHg) with clear ATC-style examples.
VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) explained for student pilots: definition, purpose, use in aviation, operational considerations, and practical examples.
A clear, student‑pilot friendly explanation of minimums (minima) in aviation, including definitions, purpose, IFR applications, operational considerations, and practical examples for approach and landing decision-making.
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers to manage aircraft on the ground and in flight, preventing collisions and organizing traffic flow. This article explains what ATC does, major ATC service types, job opportunities in the field, and why ATC procedures matter to pilots flying under visual flight rules (VFR) and instrument flight rules (IFR).
Technical, student-pilot level overview of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS): definition, purpose, use in aviation, operational considerations, and practical examples.
Put this phraseology into practice in live ATC scenarios, with instant feedback on every transmission.