Subchapter 9.2 – IFR Distress and Urgency Communications

Over-reporting: Declaring MAYDAY for a problem that is merely urgent (PAN-PAN level). This wastes rescue resources and causes unnecessary panic. Be honest about your situation.

Underreporting: Declaring PAN-PAN when MAYDAY is appropriate. If your aircraft is truly in immediate danger, say MAYDAY. Hesitation costs lives.

Vague language: "We have a problem" or "we may need assistance." Be specific: "engine failure," "fire," "hydraulic loss." ATC needs to know exactly what you are facing.

Forgetting information: Omitting your position, altitude, or number on board makes rescue and vector planning impossible.

Continuing to read back: Once you have declared MAYDAY or PAN-PAN, simplify your readbacks. ATC understands the situation. Clear, short replies are now expected.